ABSTRACT
Eating disorder is a kind of complex multifactorial disease. Although the etiology of the disease is still not fully expounded, it is certain that its etiology is closely related to biological, psychological and sociocultural factors. It is helpful to make early predictions and interventions for patients with eating disorders by learning through the studies of risk factors for eating disorder, which is also meaningful to provide more guidance and evidence for clinical work. Guided by recent studies, this review summarizes recent findings and clarifies the latest identified risk factors for eating disorders in the main areas of biology, psychology, and sociocultural environment.
ABSTRACT
Eating disorder is a kind of complex multifactorial disease. Although the etiology of the disease is still not fully expounded, it is certain that its etiology is closely related to biological, psychological and sociocultural factors. It is helpful to make early predictions and interventions for patients with eating disorders by learning through the studies of risk factors for eating disorder, which is also meaningful to provide more guidance and evidence for clinical work. Guided by recent studies, this review summarizes recent findings and clarifies the latest identified risk factors for eating disorders in the main areas of biology, psychology, and sociocultural environment.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To explore the clinical features and the value of echocardiographic examination of paravalvular leaks after surgical aortic valve replacement. Methods: A total of 123 patients (aged from 12-74 [mean age 45 ± 13] years) hospitalized in our hospital from 2002-03 to 2017-03 because of paravalvular leaks after surgical aortic valve replacement were included in this study. The first operation was performed in our hospital or other hospitals. All patients had a confirmed diagnosis of paravalvular leaks by transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography. Among them, 28 cases received non-surgical treatment and paravalvular leaks were corrected by reoperation in 95 cases. Results: Diastolic paravalvular regurgitation was detected by color doppler echocardiography in most patients, and dehiscence between the artificial valve and adjacent tissue was evidenced by two-dimensional echocardiography in some patients. The causes of paravalvular leaks, defined by imaging modalities including echocardiography, operative findings and pathological results included: infective endocarditis in 45 patients, Bechet's syndrome in 23 patients, Takayasu arteritis in 4 patients, suspected diagnosis of immune system diseases in 5 patients, aortic dissection in 2 patients, suspected operative technical reasons in 3 patients, and unknown in 41 patients. There were 13 deaths in this cohort, 5 patients gave up the further treatment and self-discharged due to the serious disease conditions. During follow-up, mild degree or above paravalvular leaks were found in 27 patients, 1 patient suffered from heart failure, improvement or recovery were seen in 55 patients.Conclusions: The paravalvular leaks with significant clinical consequence is an important complication after surgical aortic valve replacement, and most patients need to be treated with reoperation. Despite reoperation, the recurrence rate remains high and the prognosis is poor. Infective endocarditis is the most common cause of paravalvular leaks in prosthetic aortic valves, followed by non-specific vasculitis. Echocardiography plays an important role on diagnosis and monitoring in these patients.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of quartz fiber post placement on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars with different dental defects under dynamic loading. Fifty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were randomized into five groups. Each group was prepared according to numbers of residual walls ranged from 0 to 4. Then each group was divided into two subgroups with one restored with quartz fiber posts and the other without posts. In no-post groups, gutta percha point 2 mm below cemento-enamel junction was removed. Composite resin was adapted to the well and used to shape the core directly. Each tooth was restored with a complete metal crown. Dynamic loading was carried out in a masticatory simulator with a nominal load of 50 N at 2 Hz for 300 000 loading cycles. Then a quasi-statically load was applied in a universal testing machine 30° to the long axis with a crosshead speed of 1 mm⋅min(-1) until fracture. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and pairwise comparison (P<0.05). No specimens failed during dynamic loading. The fracture resistance enhanced with the increase of numbers of coronal walls and the differences were significant (P<0.05). Placement of fiber posts had a significant effect when fewer than two walls remained (P<0.05), but it had no significant influence in groups with two, three or four walls (P>0.05). Fiber post did not change failure mode, and the fracture pattern was mainly favorable. More dentin walls need to be retained in clinic. When no less than two walls remained, a fiber post is not always necessary.
Subject(s)
Humans , Analysis of Variance , Bicuspid , Composite Resins , Dental Restoration Failure , Dental Stress Analysis , Dentin , Physiology , Post and Core Technique , Quartz , Tooth Fractures , Tooth, NonvitalABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the left atrial function and to explore its determinants in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE).Methods 46 patients with HCM (obstructive HCM:25 cases,nonobstructive HCM:21 cases) and 46 healthy cases (controls) were enrolled in this study.Time-volume curve of left atrium was acquired by 3DE in all subjects.Left atrial maximal volume (LAVmax),left atrial minimal volume (LAVmin) and left atrial presystolic volume (LAVp) were acquaired.Left atrial volume index (LAVI),left atrial expansion index (LAEI),left atrium emptying fraction (LAEF),left atrium passive emptying fraction (LAPEF) and 1eft atrium active emptying fraction (LAAEF) were calculated.Comparative analysis between two groups was taken .The Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis between left atrial volume index (LAVI) with interventricular septal thickness (IVSd),left ventricular outflow tract peak gradient (LVOT-PG),mitral regurgitation (MI), left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) were analyzed respectively .Results Compared to the controls LAVmax (45.67 ±11.96)ml,LAVmin (20.48 ±6.80)ml,LAVp (24.48 ±9.31)ml,LAVI 25.63 ±6.52, LAEI (1.32 ±0.49)%,LAEF (55.25 ±8.06)%,LAPEF (35.90 ±7.00)%and LAAEF (30.20 ±10.13)%, the patient with HCM had a significantly larger LAVmax (81.45 ±24.24)ml,LAVmin (44.60 ±18.96)ml, LAVp (61.00 ±21.64) ml and LAVI 45.39 ±14.17,there were significant differences among the groups (t=8.978,8.123,9.227,8.436,all P0.01).There were significant positive correlation between LAVI and IVSd,LVOT-PG,MI,LVDF respectively (r=0.704,0.517,0.640,0.701,all P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that IVSd , LVOT-PG, MI and LVDF were correlated factors of LAVI (absolute standardized coeffients =0.264,0.515,0.614,0.341,all P<0.05).Conclusions 3DE could evaluate the left atrial volume and function in patients with HCM , with increased left atrial volume and decreased reservioer,conduit and booster pump function .Mitral regurgitation,obstruction of left ventricular outflow tract,left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and the thickness of left ventricular wall contributed to left atrial dysfunction at different levels ,among which mitrial regurgitation contributed the most .